TP53 and breast cancer: Figure 6a,b shows that CD NPs exhibited the highest activity for upregulating the expression of the main proapoptotic gene (p53), by 6.461 and 8.141-folds compared to ZD NPs (3.272 and 4.213-folds) and Fu (2.858 and 3.857-folds) in mammary tumor and liver tissues, respectively.