RARS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We assessed cardiac retinol metabolic status in T2DM mice by measuring the levels of Rol, atRA, and RARs (substrates, products, and major biological effectors of retinol metabolism) and verified retinol metabolism disorder characterized by Rol overload, atRA deficiency, and reduced RARa and RARb in the hearts of T2DM mice.