Our further results showed that at week 15 after TMX treatment, RDH10-cKO mice exhibited a halving of cardiac atRA (Fig. 4b), heart failure (Fig. 4c and d), and severe cardiac structural remodeling including myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, lipid deposition and increased mitochondria in cardiomyocytes (Fig. 4e–g). This evidence concerns the gene RDH10 and cardiac hypertrophy.