Further, we measured the levels of GPX4, FSP1, 4-HNE, and MDA in db/db mice with RDH10-AAV9 virus and atRA supplementation and found that reversal of RDH10 and atRA restored GPX4 and FSP1 expression and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in the hearts of db/db mice (Fig. 7l and m), suggesting retinol metabolism disorder-induced atRA deficiency leads to ferroptosis mediated by GPX4 and FSP1 reduction in the heart in T2DM. Here, RDH10 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.