PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: It is revealed that DNA methylation levels in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) gene promoter was increased twofold in pancreatic islets of patients with T2D.144 Only one year later, researchers reported results on DNA methylation of the PGC-1α gene in skeletal muscle.