IGF1R and gestational diabetes: miR-423-5p and miR-122-5p are participated in the regulation of metabolism in GDM by targeting IGF1R/GYS1 and G6PC3/FDFT1; these effects are related to AMPK signalling pathways.234 In addition, miR-199a-5p is increased in the placenta and placental villi of women with GDM compared with normal pregnant women.