Decitabine could accelerate M1 to M2 macrophage polarisation by targeting PPARγ, which enhances the anti-diabetic effect of UC-MSCs.382 Decitabine also suppresses PPARγ1 promoter DNA methylation to facilitate macrophage activation and to restrain insulin resistance in obesity.383 Moreover, decitabine increases the expression of PPARα mRNA by regulating DNA methylation levels and reducing lipid accumulation, thereby alleviating NAFLD.384 Another study revealed that DNA methylation may act as a promising target for treating diabetic osteoporosis. Here, PPARA is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.