Notably, the TSH-dependent cAMP pathway also increases the mitotic activity of thyroid cells, causing goiter in Graves’ disease and cell growth of the toxic adenomas, and is paralleled by the induction of other thyroid-specific proteins such as sodium/iodide symporter and thyroglobulin (Dumont et al. 1992, Toyoda et al. 1995). Here, TG is linked to Graves disease.