Screening for PCa has been controversial because of over-diagnosis, overtreatment and certain accompanying side effects such as sexual and urinary dysfunction.12 However, a recent study on the harm-to-benefit of PCa screening showed that the potential for over-diagnosis and overtreatment notwithstanding, the net benefit of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is greater for black men than the general population. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.