For instance, the CC-chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, CCL13, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL22, CXC-chemokine CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13, and CXCL16 were increased in the serum and/or plasma of patients with RA compared with those of HD (43, 44, 46, 47, 54, 57, 85–90). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and rheumatoid arthritis.