NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Western blots demonstrated that TAC-induced expression of LV beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), two commonly used biomarkers for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and the consequent heart failure, was significantly attenuated in IL-12α KO male mice (Figures 1E–G; Supplementary Figure 4).