In addition, studies demonstrated that pressure-overload causes various immune cell accumulation in cardiac tissues (3, 8–11, 21), while administration of CTLA4-Ig blocking T cell activation (22), induction of endogenous T regulatory cells, and depletion of CD11c+ antigen presenting cells are effective in attenuating HF development and/or progression in experimental animals (21). Here, ITGAX is linked to hydrops fetalis.