PRKN and Parkinson disease: Mutations in genes encoding Parkinson juvenile disease protein 2-parkin (PARK2), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1-​​​​​​​PINK1 (PARK6) and DJ-1 (PARK7) proteins are associated with autosomal recessive forms of PD, presumably by a loss-of-function mechanism, while gain-of-function mutations in genes that encode α-Syn (PARK1/4) and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2-LRRK2 (PARK8) are found in autosomal dominant forms [8].