TGFB1 and breast cancer: The divergent effects of TGF-β blockade have also been observed in a panel of 12 models for metastatic breast cancer, where TGF-β using 1D11 suppressed the formation of lung metastasis in 42% of the models, did not induce a response in 33% of the models and induced an increase in lung metastasis in 25% of the models (39).