RAD17 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: In addition to these genes, many 5q genes are involved in diverse hallmark signature changes driving oncogenesis: RAD17 and RAD50 are directly involved in DNA double-strand break repair (53); MAP3K1 is a repressor of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase pathway and regulates several survival and/or proliferation pathways (54); and PLK2 is involved in MTORC1 signaling (55) and as a biomarker for treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (56).