In parallel, modular enrichment analysis of our lipotoxicity model showed that PA altered pathways related to lipid metabolism, cell cycle, NAFLD pathways in general, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, oxidative stress response, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signalling, tumor protein p53 (TP53) and unfolded protein response (Table 1). The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.