TNF and malaria: KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were remarkedly enriched in pathways associated with mineral absorption, interleukin 17 (IL-17) signalling, advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptor (RAGE) signalling in diabetic complications, protein digestion and absorption, relaxin signalling, TNF signalling, malaria, ECM–receptor interaction and rheumatoid arthritis (Supplementary File 4).