TNF and neoplasm: When tumor cells secrete IL-1 (Interleukin-1), IL-6 (Interleukin-6), TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha), and other inflammatory cytokines, they activate osteoclasts in large quantities, leading to enhanced osteolysis activity, which produces inflammatory cytokines in large quantities, forming a vicious circle in the bone microenvironment promoting pro-tumor transformation and tumor cell progression (26).