TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: With regard to reduced fertility, phoenixin-14 was also shown to have potential pharmaceutical properties, since a recent study in rodents suggests a possible use in obesity-associated reduced fertility, where oral application of phoenixin-14 reduced serum insulin, testosterone, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3 while increasing estrogen, progesterone, LH and FSH (Basha et al., 2022).