EPAS1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HIF-1 enhances the enrichment of MDSCs [73]; additionally, HIF-2α deletion in cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer reduces tumour infiltration of immune-suppressive immune cells, including M2 TAMs and Tregs, restoring the efficacy of immunotherapy [74].