CCL2 and cancer: Additionally, high CCL2 levels are associated withmore aggressive malignancies, a high probability of metastasis, anda poor prognosis in a wide variety of cancers.64,65 In this context, 5 was able to significantly decreasethe expression of CCL2/MCP-1 in TNFα-induced TNBC cells.66 The CCL2 chemokine is characterized by two adjacentcysteines that can be sulfenylated by 5.