CCL2 and atherosclerosis: Recruitment and adhesion of inflammatory cells, mainly macrophages, is mediated by oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) which play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis (Fig. 2).