Using Ncf1m1j/m1j, Ncf1m1j/m1j.MNTg, CD11c-Cre+.TN3, and CD11c-Cre+.TN3.Yaa mice, we demonstrated accumulation of pDCs in various target organs during PIL and spontaneous lupus development, which is regulated by NOX2-derived ROS. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and systemic lupus erythematosus.