In previous studies, cooverexpression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1 inhibited Ang II-induced CMs hypertrophy [15]; p16INK4a knockdown inhibited the PDGFB and TWIST1 expression in pulmonary arterial hypertension and subsequent vascular remodelling [16]. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and pulmonary arterial hypertension.