TNF and Cerebral ischemia: During cerebral ischemia, statins also inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), in vascular endothelial cells to prevent BBB disruption, and at the site of BBB disruption, they act directly on brain nerve cells to exert their effects (Carone et al., 2015) (Fig. 5).