The NLRP3 inflammasome consists of NLRP3, an adaptor protein (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain, ASC) and an effector protein (Caspase-1), which can be activated upon infection by a range of RNA viruses, while neither NLRP3 itself nor the other inflammasome components can bind RNA [39,40]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infection.