For example, in IBD, excessive IL-17 secretion may cause excessive cell proliferation and differentiation, and similarities with IL-1 expression in mucosa between individuals affected by either Crohns or UC, with expression of CCL3 CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL5 CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 in epithelial compartments with changes in other chemokines that bear similarities to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) [395,396,397,398,399,400]. Here, CXCL5 is linked to long COVID-19.