In this study, we found that exposure to PFOS could downregulate the insulin secretion level of INS-1 cells stimulated by glucose and also affect the relative mRNA expression levels of Glut2, Gck, and insulin and the insulin protein level, suggesting that exposure to PFOS could affect the function of GSIS in INS-1 cells, thus leading to glucose metabolism disorder. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is glucose metabolism disease.