LCN2 and Atrophy: Proteinuria was similar among the four groups (Fig. 1e), whereas renal tubule damage was aggravated in AdCKD compared to control mice, which was significantly attenuated in the AdCKD + SB mice as shown in tubule damage marker lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), also known as the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, mRNA levels (Fig. 1f) and interstitial fibrosis tubular atrophy score (Fig. 1g,h).