Several affibody molecules with high affinity to VEGFR2, EGFR, HER2, HER3, and IGF-1R have been demonstrated as probes for radionuclide or fluorescent molecular imaging in preclinical settings.167,173 Clinical evaluation of radiolabeled affibody molecules has been explored for HER2 imaging174–177 and fluorescent dye-labeled affibody molecules (ABY-029) for EGFR imaging have been tested in patients with recurrent glioma.178. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and central nervous system cancer.