Recently, some studies have demonstrated the use of radiolabeled PD-L1 antibodies (68Ga-NOTA-Nb10989, 89Zr-atezolizumab, 89Zr-durvalumab)168,266,267 and PD-1 antibodies (89Zr-pembrolizumab, 89Zr-nivolumab)268–270 to assess the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer patients. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.