ENTPD5 and diabetic kidney disease: These results were consistent with those showing dynamic ENTPD5 expression in DKD; ENTPD5 levels were increased in the early stage and then decreased with persistent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the late stage, suggesting that high ENTPD5 expression may alleviate kidney injury and that the downregulation of ENTPD5 expression is closely associated with the pathophysiological progression of DKD.