Other studies in flies have recently shown that the toxic effect of amyloid beta, a peptide strongly implicated in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, causes dLdh upregulation in part due to an Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4) dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling unfolded protein response [44]. The gene discussed is ATF4; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.