Interestingly, our pilot study suggested that CST1 might be involved in the tumorigenesis of ESCC manifested with ectopic high expression of CST1 in both sera and cancerous tissues of the patients with ESCC [12] Aberrant CST1 expression existed in ESCC was further profiled in this study. This evidence concerns the gene CST1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.