TNF and infection: Montefusco et al. [113] for instance described that patients recovering from COVID-19 had significantly increased levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13 when compared withh healthy controls 2 months after index infection.