GPNMB and hepatocellular carcinoma: Interestingly, TREM2+ LAMs expressed Tgfrb1 and in vitro stimulation of murine bone marrow derived macrophages with TGF-β induced Trem2 mRNA expression, along with other TREM2+ macrophage markers such as Gpnmb and Tgfbr1. (Zhang et al., 2022) Activated fibroblasts from steatotic and fibrotic livers and CAFs are not only a source of CCL2 and involved in the recruitment of CCR2+ myeloid cells (such as TREM2+ macrophages), but also produce TGF-β, suggesting a link between the accumulation TREM2+macrophages in fibrosis, steatosis and HCC.