GFAP and COVID-19: have found that after infection with COVID-19, neurodegenerative biomarkers, such as beta-amyloid protein (aβ 40,42), total tau protein (t-tau), phosphorylated taU-181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), increased to levels observed in AD dementia, and was associated with encephalopathy and worse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (29).