H2O2 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production in treated RA-FLS and activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax to induce FLS apoptosis, a process associated with oxidative stress-mediated activation of macrophage stimulating 1 (Mst1) and inhibition of the AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway (129). The gene discussed is BAX; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.