These proinflammatory macrophages, together with infiltrating macrophages dictated by LPS, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) signaling, are commonly classified as M1 macrophages as opposed to M2 macrophages that usually arise in Th2 responses in allergy, granuloma formation, and wound healing (10). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is allergic disease.