We also examined the s-CSF2-Ab and s-CSF2pep-Ab levels in the sera of 82 HDs and 300 patients with CKD, including 145 patients with diabetic kidney disease (CKD type 1), 32 patients with nephrosclerosis (CKD type 2), and 123 patients with glomerulonephritis (CKD type 3). Here, CSF2 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.