Vaccine-linked chemotherapy using a low dose of the Tc24-C4/E6020 vaccine has been shown to significantly reduce T. cruzi induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in an acute model of infection (Jones et al., 2018; Cruz-Chan et al., 2021), and a higher dose of the Tc24-C4/E6020 vaccine alone significantly reduced fibrosis in a chronic model of infection (Barry et al., 2019). Here, C4A is linked to fibrosis.