VCAM1 and COVID-19: We also found a persistent elevation of PIGF in post-COVID patients, which in the acute setting has been shown to correlate with in-hospital mortality (22), but did not see any differences (between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls) in levels of the vascular intercellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (important in inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung), nor in the endothelial growth factors VEGF-A, VEGF-C, or VEGF-D.