TGFBR1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Connolly et al. reported that miR-1-5p and TGF-βR1 were inversely expressed in the RV of MCT-treated rats, and transfection with miR-1-5p mimics significantly lowered the TGF-βR1 in vitro, It suggests that miR-1 causes cardiac hypertrophy by targeting TGF-βR1 and reducing TGF-β signaling, thereby resulting in cardiac hypertrophy [ 86].