FOXO1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, the Akt signaling pathway phosphorylates FOXO1 transcription factors promoting adipogenesis as FOXO1 prevents the maturation and differentiation of adipocytes thereby playing a significant role in obesity (57).This leads to an increase in the Basal Metabolic Index (BMI) of the pregnant mother and hence increases the risk stratification of obesity-related pregnancy outcomes like GDM (Figure 3).