TGFB1 and cancer: To explore this result further, we investigated immune suppression in LGAs with respect to their IDH mutational status and documented that WT LGAs had significantly higher expression of cancer-associated ECM (C-ECM) genes (P = 2.2 * 10−16, n = 344, Fig. 3e) and TGF-β upregulated target genes (P = 2.2 * 10−16, n = 344, Fig. 3f).