After CKD induction, Iba-1-positive immunoreactivity increased by 51% compared with controls (1.84 ± 0.14 vs. 1.22 ± 0.11% of analyzed brain area, p < 0.001) (Fig. 3A, and F), which was accompanied by a small increase in the proportion of activated microglia (49.7% ± 1.3 vs. 45.4% ± 1.5, p < 0.05) and a corresponding significant decrease in resting microglia (data not shown) (Fig. 3C). This evidence concerns the gene AIF1 and chronic kidney disease.