In 2013, two separate landmark studies utilized whole genome and whole exome sequencing to uncover novel mutations in non-NF2 meningiomas including TRAF7 (TNF receptor associated factor 7), KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4), AKT1, and SMO (Smoothened) [10, 11]. The gene discussed is NF2; the disease is meningioma.