In addition, Odegaard et al. found that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARδ could enhance alternative activated macrophages by synergizing the response of macrophages to IL‐4 and IL‐13 at the transcriptional level, thereby contributing to hepatic metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes.46, 47. This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.