VEGFA and malignant colon neoplasm: Furthermore, in vitro studies established the superiority of CS-F4 compared to the CBPE solution in boosting the cytotoxic activity against HT-29 colon cancer cells confirmed by the lowest IC50 of 1 μg/mL), the most significant stimulation of caspase-3 protein level expression (11.95 ± 0.12 ng/mg) and suppression of VEGF (6.05 ± 0.10 ng/mg), as well as STAT-3 (5.05 ± 0.14 ng/mg) protein expression levels.