Therefore, the developed nanosystems targeting the TRAIL pathway are aimed at various types of tumors, including fibrosarcoma, melanoma, acute myeloid leukemia, lung, colorectal, breast, ovarian, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, etc. Additionally, a few works on other diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, attest to the versatility of this mechanism and the potentially wide range of activity of nanodelivery systems modified with TRAIL pathway-targeting ligands in the body. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is Alzheimer disease.