The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their “discovery of cancer therapy through inhibition of negative immune regulation.” Specifically, the Nobel Prize was awarded for the identification of immune checkpoints (i.e., cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1)), which led to the development of antibodies targeting these checkpoints for anticancer treatment [4]. Here, CTLA4 is linked to cancer.