This, together with the observation that, unlike lung CD8+ TEM, there was no significant difference in lung CD4+ TEM between CpG-NP-Tag- and CpG + Tag-immunized mice (Figure 5A,B), suggests that CpG + Tag vaccination could not cross prime tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells but promoted CD4+ T cells that could predominately be T-follicular helper (TFH) CD4+ T cells that are known to provide help to B cells [36] to produce IgA and IgG which protected tumor cell colonization in CpG + Tag-immunized mice compared to NP-Tag- and NP-immunized mice. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.