JAK1 and Alzheimer disease: JAK1 is also associated with many AD-relevant cytokines: type II cytokine receptors for IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, and IL-22, as well as glycoprotein 130 (gp130) – a shared subunit of several type I cytokine receptors, including IL-6 and IL-12 –, signal primarily through JAK1, but also associate with JAK2 and TYK2 [14]; IFN-α and INF-β signal through a combination of JAK1 and TYK2, and the IFN-γ receptor activates both JAK1 and JAK2 [15].