Figure 2 shows the proposed model of inflammasome-mediated pathogenesis of TB-IRIS. IL-18 has been suggested as the potential biomarker for predicting TB-IRIS, which highlights the important role of inflammasomes such as NLRP3 and AIM2 in the pathogenesis of TB-IRIS [57,87,88]. A recent study found, when investigating the distribution of SNPs of inflammasome genes, the proinflammatory cytokine profiles and their impact on the onset of TB-IRIS and an association between the C/T genotype and carrier-T in the AIM2 polymorphism with the increased risk of TB-IRIS [60]. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and tuberculosis.