Seeing that inflammasomes are the activators of casp1, we investigated the relationship between the markers of inflammasome activation and the development of TB-IRIS and found that TB-IRIS was associated with the upregulation of genes encoding components of inflammasomes such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2). This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and tuberculosis.