It was found that NPs could exert therapeutic and ameliorative effects on experimental IBD by improving the pathological symptoms of IBD, regulating intestinal microbiota, protecting intestinal barrier function, reducing inflammatory response, improving oxidative stress, and regulating immunity, among which the main signaling pathways involved were NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K, TLRs, NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, and PPARγ, etc. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.