Multivariate analysis in model 1, after adjusting for age, creatinine and BNP, demonstrated that either CSR or malnutrition was a significant independent predictor of mortality (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.64–9.39 and 95% HR, 5.77; CI, 1.33–25.00, respectively). Here, NPPB is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.